Screening and diagnosis for physical and genetic defects that could affect an unborn baby Most babies are born without major birth defects. But when defects do occur, being aware of them before delivery can improve the baby’s outcome. A maternal serum screening blood test can help assess your risk of having a baby with a certain birth defects, and a diagnostic test (ultrasound, amniocentesis, CVS) can help determine whether your baby has the birth defect.